Nursing - mixed methods Essay - 275 Words

Nursing - mixed methods (Essay Sample) Content: NURSING MIXED METHODSAuthor:Institution:MIXED METHODSMixed method designs are important analytical and research tools that may be used when researchers opt to perceive problems from multi-dimensional perspective. The designs are also useful in contextualizing information, visualize a macro picture of a system or add more information regarding individuals. The most common use of mixed method designs is in merging of quantitative and qualitative data in order to form a more comprehensive understanding of a given problem. The designs come in handy when researchers in nursing practice decide to create illustrations of context for given trends or examine developed processes along with their outcomes (Plano Clark, 2010). DesignThe choice of any mixed methods design is determined by a conceptual and theoretical orientation that anchors the overarching science and objectives of the study. In some cases, the study may be informed by one or more given frameworks.For example, co mplexity theory could be utilized in projects aimed at changing clinical practice especially in primary care involving primary care. The orientation of the design might be based on a transformational model that is aimed at assisting communities to realize specific change. Mixed method designs may be emergent or fixed. In fixed designs, the mixed methods are usually predetermined at the commencement of the research process. In the emergent designs, the methods are usually utilized during the research process rather than being determined prior to study. The best example is the community-based design where results about the needs of communities may be used to predict the design of subsequent phases of the project.LimitationsSince the mixed method designs incorporate multiple forms of data, the designs require extensive time and resources to implement. The creation of the best-suited design may require the combined efforts of inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary teamwork. This mean s that different approaches might emerge. The lead designers must be prepared to address these challenges before commencing of design of the mixed methods (Teddlie Ta...

The Performance Of Jerrys Ice Cream House Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2217 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Daft, R. (2011), page 148, mention that entrepreneurship is the process of initiating a business venture, organizing the necessary resources, and assuming the associated risks and rewards. An entrepreneur is someone who engages in entrepreneurship. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Performance Of Jerrys Ice Cream House Business Essay" essay for you Create order An entrepreneur recognizes a viable idea for a business product or service and carries it out by finding and assembling the necessary resources such as money, people, machinery, and location to undertaken the business venture. Entrepreneurs also assume the risks and receive and reap the rewards of the business. They assume the financial and legal risks ownership and receive the businesss profits. Jerry is a young graduate and has just started a new business enterprise. Jerry needs the advice of seasoned business executives to success. In task 1, is about review the performance of Jerry business. Performance is defined as accomplish of a given task measured against present known standards of accuracy, completeness, budget, and rapidity. In task 2, is identifying Jerry Companys business strengths and weaknesses. When doing business, company must care about the strength and the weaknesses. This is because, both of them will affect the company growth, profit, and etc. In task 3, is analysis the strengths and weaknesses of Jerrys business. Then, recommend a plan of action that will capitalize on the companys strength. And also overcome its weaknesses in the business. In task 4, is helping Jerry to do survey. There have some ways in which the business existing performance might be maintained and strengthened. Therefore, Jerry has bought a one-week return ticket to his holiday home in Penang. 2.0 Analysis Business Performance of Jerrys Ice-cream House 2.1 Business Performance Performance is defined as accomplish of a given task measured against present known standards of accuracy, completeness, budget, and rapidity. Have a good business performance is very importance before Jerry started up a business. 2.1.2 Performance of Jerrys ice-cream house Jerry is a young graduate and has just started a new business enterprise. Business name is Jerrys ice-cream house. The business is operated in year 15 Feb 2012. The location of Jerrys ice-cream house is in Greentown Ipoh, Perak around an industry area. Jerrys ice-cream house working hour per day is 12 hour, 10:00 a.m. until 10:00 p.m. In addition, every week of Tuesday Jerrys ice-cream house have one day is off day. Therefore, Jerrys ice-cream house just work six days per week only. Jerrys ice-cream house has provided few types of products such as ice-cream, cake, and beverage. Ice-cream has different types include permanent, rotators, sherbets, sorbets/ices, no sugar added, lighter side, and low fat ice-cream. Besides that, cakes also have different types that provide to the customer such as birthday, holidays, special occasions, sports and animals, elegant designs, and novelties cake. And the beverage also has few several types. For example, shakes, blast, and also fruit fusio n. Moreover, the price of the product that Jerry ice-cream house provide is general price to the customer. Cups and cones ice-cream generally is RM4, a sundae is RM8 and hand-packed ice-cream have three choices small, medium, and larger, there are RM10, RM20, and RM30. The packaging of the ice-cream has few types, it includes cups and cones, sundaes, or pre-packed quarts. Difference type of packaging can attract the customer because different customer has different needs. In addition, customer also can buy hand packed. Customer can bring home the favourite ice cream to enjoy whenever they want, choose from any of the delicious flavours available in our dipping case. Hand-packed ice cream is available in small, medium, and large. 2.1.2 Conclusion In the conclusion, Jerry is a young graduate. Besides that, Jerry does not have any experience to operate a business and also just started a new business recently. Therefore, must give some advice to Jerry on how to strengthen of his business and also must let Jerry understand the business performance. 2.2 Strength and Weaknesses 2.2.1 The Strength of Jerrys Ice-cream House First, the strength of Jerrys ice-cream house is has more than 100 flavours of ice-cream in the library include permanent, rotators, sherbets, sorbets/ices, no sugar added, lighter side, and low fat ice-cream. There are so many choices let the customer choose their flavour and it can also satisfy the customer needs. Therefore, customer does not feel weary because still got a lot of flavour provide to the customer. Besides that, the strength of Jerry ice-cream house is providing several services for different age group customer. Jerrys ice-cream house focus customer range is very widely, it includes children, teenager, adults, and old people. This is because, Jerry wants everyone also can enjoy it. In addition, the strength of Jerrys ice-cream house is it has lower price of the product that provide. Compare with other shop, the product of Jerrys ice-cream house is cheaper than other. For example, Haagen-Dazs also provide ice-cream but the ice-cream is very expensive. Therefore , not all customers have ability to purchase their product. Just only the high class people can enjoy it 2.2.2 The Weaknesses of Jerrys Ice-cream House Besides the strength, Jerry ice-cream house also have their weakness. The most important is the capital in the business. Capital is in order to produce certain goods or in order to create and maintain the proper environment for offering certain services. New businesses often find themselves in working capital crunches. Without working capital, Jerrys ice-cream house cannot build inventory or purchase raw materials. As a result, Jerry cannot sell enough products to generate the profits needed to rectify this situation. This is extremely dangerous and can be destabilizing for the shop or even cause it to collapse. With a capital loan working for you, you can make sure that your business gets a strong start. Another weakness is Jerrys ice-cream house does not have doing advertisement to promote the business. Advertising is the most important part in the business. The reason is, advertising is an advantageous representation of product to make consumers, customers and general public know of the product. It lets the potential buyers, general public and end users to be familiar with the brands. 2.2.3 Conclusion In the conclusion, the strength of a business organization refers to the capacity by which an organization can gain advantage over its competitors. Environmental analysis helps the business organization to find out its strength. After that, it can make the policies and plans to expand the business and to take advantages over competitors. In addition, according to Trehan, M. et al. (n.p.), page 24, said that the weakness of a firm refers to limitation of a business firm. It results in significant disadvantages for a firm in comparison to its competitors. The environment analysis helps is to find out the weaknesses of the business. For future growth and expansion of the business, decision-making should make plans to overcome the weaknesses. 2.3 Plan of Action Plan of action is an order of steps that must be taken, and the activities that also must be performed well for a strategy to succeed. Therefore, the plan of action can help Jerry to improve the ice-cream house. 2.3.1 Overcome the Weaknesses First, the strength of Jerrys ice-cream house is has more than 100 flavours of ice-cream in the library. There are so many choices let the customer choose their flavour and it can also satisfy the customer needs. Jerrys ice-cream house must continue create different types of flavours products and also produce some creative product to attractive customers especially the children. As a result, this way it can maintain the existing customer or new customer come to Jerrys ice-cream. The strength of Jerrys ice-cream house is the products that selling the lower price to the customer. Therefore, Jerry must maintain this strength because the price as a competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is means that the lower prices or providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices. Moreover, also can defined as an advantage over competitors gained by offering customers greater value. Besides the strength, Jerry ice-cream house also have their weakness. The most import ant is the capital in the business. Capital is in order to produce certain goods or in order to create and maintain the proper environment for offering certain services. Overcome this capital problem it has so many ways such as, franchising, strategic alliance, join venture, license the product, and others. For example, license the product it can be an effective and lower cost growth medium, particularly if Jerrys business have a service product or branded product. Next, overcome the weaknesses of Jerrys ice-cream house about the advertisement, it can create a website to advertise the business. There has many advantages using website to advertise the business. It has cheap market research, use features on your website such as visitor polls, online surveys and the website statistics to understand the customer needs and wants. And also how customers feel about certain aspects of the business to determine how can improve the product and the way to do business. Besides that, it is a growth opportunity. This is because, website serves as a great place to refer potential investors to, to show customers what your business is about, what it has achieved and what it can achieve in future. 2.3.2 Conclusion In the conclusion, the above are listed out the plan of action that can help Jerrys ice-cream house to overcome the weaknesses of the business and also can strengthened Jerrys business. In the end, these will improve Jerrys business. 2.4 The Ways Maintained and Strengthened Jerry has bought a return ticket to his holiday home in Penang. Besides that, Jerry need for help to do survey to get some ways in which the business existing performance might be maintained and also strengthened to his business. After help Jerry investigate, it has few ways on how to maintain and strengthen Jerrys business. 2.4.1 Ways to Maintained and Strengthened Jerrys Business The first way to maintained and strengthened Jerrys ice-cream house business can use the strategic alliances. According to Michael, M. et al. (1995), page 4, mention that a strategic alliance links specific facets of the businesses of two or more firms. Strategic alliances is partnerships between and organization and a foreign company in which both share resources and knowledge in developing new products or building new production facilities. If Jerrys ice-cream house strategic alliance with others shops, it can help the shop to increased brand awareness. This is because, the opportunity to grow market size with a partnership presents the additional opportunity to increase awareness of the brand. One of the key elements of a business success is constant, growing brand awareness. Besides that, strategic alliances allow Jerrys ice-cream house to reach a broader audience without putting in any extra time and capital. In addition, when Jerrys ice-cream house face the financial probl em it also can sharing the financial risk. Enterprises can make use of the strategic arrangement to reduce Jerrys ice-cream house financial risk. For example, when two firms jointly invested with equal share on a job, the greatest potential that each of them stands to lose is only half of the total job cost in case the venture failed. Next, is Jerrys ice-cream house can turn his business into franchise to maintained and strengthen the business. According to Gappa, B. (2001), said that franchising is a business strategy for getting and keeping customers. It is a marketing system for creating an image in the minds of current and future customers about how the companys products and services can help them. It is a method for distributing products and services that satisfy customer needs. For example, advertising can be one of the biggest expenses for any new business. Jerry cant survive without effective advertising and also effective advertising is expensive. Although Jerrys ice-cre am house have a good location, if the customers are unfamiliar with your business what have to offer, they also wont come in. Franchises offer national advertising campaigns that are included in the franchise fee. This is a huge advantage for Jerrys business. 2.4.2 Conclusion In the conclusion, there have many ways to maintained and strengthened Jerrys business. Besides that, there also have a lot of advantages. If Jerry changing the ways to operate the business. After few months later, Jerrys ice-cram house can become a famous shop in the state. And also Jerrys business can expand to another location or expand globally. 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendation After done my entrepreneurship assignment, I know that business performance is very importance before started up the business. Performance is defined as accomplish of a given task measured against present known standards of accuracy, completeness, budget, and rapidity Task 1, is about the review the performance of Jerrys ice-cream house. Task 2 is about the strength and the weaknesses of Jerry ice-cream house. The strength of a business organization refers to the capacity by which an organization can gain advantage over its competitors. Contrary, the weakness of a firm refers to limitation of a business firm. It results in significant disadvantages for a firm in comparison to its competitors. Task 3 is about overcome a weaknesses of Jerrys ice-cream house. After done my research, I have found some ways to recommend a plan of action that will capitalize on Jerrys ice-cream house strengths and also few ways of how to overcome the weaknesses in the business. Task 4 is about t he methods in which the business existing performance might be maintained and strengthened Jerrys ice-cream house. During research, there have so many ways to maintained and strengthened the business.

Why Do We Need An Academic Integrity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 497 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Producing a paper under tight deadlines is considered a rite of passage for many college students. Ask any college student and they will inevitably share a good-natured story about how they wrote a paper at the eleventh hour. Student’s who major in humanities are required to produce a lot of papers in their college career. There are two important aspects of being a humanities student. You are required to produce APA style papers and you are to adhere to strict guidelines about academic integrity. All students who major in social sciences are required to follow a standard format of writing that is governed by the American Psychological Association. This writing style allows for uniformity and create a clear outline for faculties to easily reference essential elements of the paper. The most important rule for students to learn about APA style writing is the elements. This includes title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, references and appendices. One of the important rules of APA is to properly cite the sources. It shows respect to the original author and allow students to expand on their ideas. Not citing a paraphrase is one of the common pitfalls for students. When using the ideas from an author, the student must cite their source. Another typical APA mistake is when students forget to reference in text citations. References allow for the editor to find the original source of the quote. Citing sources plays an important role in academic integrity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Do We Need An Academic Integrity?" essay for you Create order Plagiarism has always been a major problem in the world of academia. Colleges around the nation instill a zero-tolerance policy the first day a student begins their education. Students can avoid academic dishonesty by producing original work, properly acknowledging the work of another author’s ideas and checking your work for possible plagiarism using a tool like Turnitin. Producing original work helps student’s refine their writing skills that will help them in the long run. Citing your work properly shows respect to the author and allows for a reliable way to reference data. The best way to ensure all your hard work is by using a plagiarism check took to ensure that the match percentage is low or meets the acceptable percentage required by your institution. Choosing to obtain higher education is a demanding process that requires a lot of discipline and personal sacrifice. Learning a new format of writing while refining your writing skills is a rigorous yet rewarding process. Following academic integrity is not just an academic requirement but it refines ones personal morals and values. It is not doubt a student will experience some form of existential crisis during their educational career however knowing that you achieved a goal that was once an impossible feat personal value to an individual that they can be proud of for the rest of their lives. References Last Name, F. M. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Pages From To. Last Name, F. M. (Year). Book Title. City Name: Publisher Name

Communication Is the Lifeblood of the Organization.Discuss

Communication is the lifeblood of an organization, an institution and even the individuals themselves. It is the bedrock of pleasant ground and good relationship between the communicator and receiver. Kottler (1977:125) defines communication as ‘a process consisting of a sender transmitting a message through media to a receiver’. For the purpose of the purposes of the presentation, lecturer according to Pradhan (1977) is an oral presentation of information and idea by a person to a large group of student generally in a face to face situation at a particular place. Here students only listen to what the lecturer says. Whilst on the other hand Stoner and Freeman (1989) indicates that group discussion is the qualitative method to obtain in†¦show more content†¦Thus students may easily get bored and not listen at all. Lectures emphasize learning by listening, which is a disadvantage for students whose attention wanes quickly after fifteen to twenty-five minutes. Regarding content and meaning, the messages may not be interpreted the same as students represent a heterogeneous group. This may lead to students bringing in varying attitudes, expectations and understandings to communicative situations. Even if the receiver hears exactly the same message which the sender sent, the sense which the receiver makes of it may be quite different from the sender’s intention. The same ‘message’ may represent multiple meanings. To illustrate this Lakoff Johnson (1980: 10) say ‘the speaker puts ideas (objects) into words (containers) and sends them (along a conduit) to a hearer who takes the idea/objects out of the word/containers’. On the other hand, the interactive communication model represented by the group discussion brings in a different perspective to communication as it views the process as two way. This model is illustrated below Schramm’s Model of Communication, 1954 Message Encoder Decoder

Muhammad Legacy Of A Prophet - 1191 Words

Steve Smith Professor Nguyen RS270A Summer 2015 Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet Before watching this film, I did not know much about Muhammad and the Islam community. However after watching it, I have learned a lot more. The movie starts out describing the basic attributes that Muhammad had. For example, he was described as someone who always looked the person he was talking to in the eyes. As a man, he was the most generous-hearted and truthful in speech, the mildest tempered, and noblest in lineage. This portrayal of Muhammad really set the tone for me. To be that kind of a person during the time in which he was raised makes me appreciate him even more. In the film, it was stated that for 23 years, people were killing each other and society was coming to an end. However, Muhammad was able to bring peace and hope to Arabia. Having hope during a time like this was crucial. Without it, many more people would not have survived. Muhammad brought Islam to Arabia and now has 1.2 billion followers around the world. In fact, it is now the fastest growing religio n in America. Islam has had some rough patches along the way in America and continues to still have them. As mentioned in the movie, the tragic events of September 11, 2001 were probably created one of the biggest negative impacts for Islamic religion and its followers. With nearly 3,000 innocent people killed that day, it changed the whole world and put the Muslim community in the spotlight. The actions of theShow MoreRelatedIslam And The Muslim Religious Experience1365 Words   |  6 PagesAll through its history, Islam has been seen as a religious convention which began in (seventh) century Arabia with the prophet Muhammad who lived between 570-632. He got the heavenly divine revelation that is recorded in the Quran. This is still trusted today in the cutting edge Islamic convictions. In any case, it is most imperative to understand that Muslims don t see Islam as another religion. Muslims trust that Allah (which truly signifies The God in Arabic) is the same God who uncoveredRead MoreDepiction Of Muhammad As Cartoon Characters1690 Words   |  7 PagesDepiction of Muhammad as Cartoon Characters How Charlie Hebdo Came About â€Å"We treat the news like journalists. Some use cameras, some use computers. For us, it’s a paper and pencil. A pencil is not a weapon. It’s just a means of expression,† this was quoted from a Charlie Hebdo Muhammad Cartoonist by the name of Luz. Charlie Hebdo started in 1970 when there was a publication from Hara-Kari, was banned when there was an image poking fun at the former French Presidents death. Hara-Kari was theRead MoreIslam as a Dakwah Religion1092 Words   |  4 Pagesmission to reeducate, remind, convey and develop to a maintainable development in the world and hereafter. Allah has said: This is a reminder for all humanity, for those who desire the straight road. (Al-Takwir, 27-28) in his last sermon, the Prophet Muhammad (saw) emphasized the importance of dakwah ‘convey what have received from me, even if it is a verse.’ Both hadith and Qu’ranic verse references have proven that dakwah is compulsory to every believer and they should engage to it. Therefore, dakwahRead MoreMy Leadership Potentials1031 Words   |  5 PagesSYED MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ B. SYED JA’AFAR (0822075) SECTION 19 My Leadership Potential There isn’t a need for me to think for three minutes as I have decided long time ago to become the 11th Prime Minister of Malaysia, InsyaAllah. Why do I want to go that far? It is because, I love this country and I want to bring Malaysia and the Malaysians to the next level. Malaysians had enough of being in a developing country. Why do I set that as my goal? I believe 90% of Malaysian will agree with me that theRead MoreHow Did The Ottoman Empire Differ From Earlier And The Middle East?1247 Words   |  5 Pagestitle of caliph, full name of a Muslim political, meaning sovereign over all Muslims. It was the first time a Turkish-Ottoman, not an Arab, received the title of caliph. It was then that Constantinople was renamed Istanbul. The cultural and political legacy of the Ottoman Empire still reflects up today in Arab nations such as Turkey and Saudi Arabia. In the capital of Turkey, Istanbul, there are examples of art and architecture Muslim living with art and Byzantine architecture, product of Christian orthodoxyRead MoreReligion1264 Words   |  6 Pagesnarrative of Professor Waller, Jihad has both violent and non-violent meanings. It can simply mean striving to live a moral and virtuous life (Greater Jihad), spreading and defending Islam as well as fighting injustice and oppression (Lesser Jihad). Muhammad believed that the inner struggle for faith (the Greater Jihad) should be prioritized over physical fighting in defense of the Ummah. The Greater jihad can be compared to the struggle against sin such as fighting self-aggrandizement (jahiliyyah)Read MoreWomen Among Roles, Power, And Rights Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesthan men. Induced that Islam is a religion of egalitarianism, Barlas is similarly obvious that misogyny and patriarchy have saturated Islamic practice through conventions: the sunna, or the customs of the Prophet Muhammad, the organizer of Islam; the hadiths, or sayings credited to Muhammad; and the Shariah, or law got from the Qur an. Barlas contends that a military-scholarly complex translated, in their ways, the Qur an to set up these conventions in a fruitful push to protect the positionRead MoreThe History Of Islam And Islam1247 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipate in barbaric practices. (A Brief History in Islam, 2009). All supporters of Islam support Allah and the Prophet Muhammad, which is the last messenger of God. The Qur’an The Qur’an is the sacred text that follower of Islam use as a spiritual reference and life guide. This resolute manuscript is believed to be the true and exact words of Allah and exposed to the Prophet Muhammad. The Qur’ans message expresses the oneness of God, how to reverence him, and an improved lifestyle. The message ofRead MoreThe Middle East1289 Words   |  6 Pagesshare sacred history, of God s activity and the encounter of God and humankind, prophets and divine revelation, angels, and the devil; Satan. All stress moral responsibility and personal accountability to one s actions, final Judgment Day, and eternal reward and punishment. The three faiths emphasize their exceptional covenant with God. For Judaism through Moses, Christianity through Jesus, and Islam through Muhammad. Peace is a central idea to all three faiths. This is reflected historically inRead MoreIslam And The Trans Atlantic Trade1739 Words   |  7 PagesName Institution Course Date Introduction Islam is a religion created in the seventh century by Muhammad a, Arab long distance merchant from Mecca. Muhammad was born and grew in an era where Christianity was the dominant religion in the Mediterranean region. The message of Christianity was at the time spreading so fast through the major trading routes in what is commonly known as the Trans Atlantic trade. Mecca happened to have been on one of the trade routes of goods and ideas. It is not a surprise

Case Study of Jenny Coste-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Jenny Coste. Answer: Introduction This report critically discusses about the case study of a patient name Jenny Coste. She is an active 9 years old girl, who has recently complained about prolonged pain in legs. The prolonged pain in her legs is harming her quality of life as she could no longer go to school and take part in spots like her other siblings. On visiting a doctor and after sufficient tests, it was found that Jenny had been suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (Hunger and Mullighan 2015). It has been reported that after that Jenny struggled with a thorough treatment of long 18 months, after which she showed a brief remission from the disease, followed by a relapse. Her condition is found to deteriorate, and finally she was admitted to the hospital with fungal Pneumonia. It has been reported that her vital signs showed Blood pressure 90/60, Heart rate- 85, IVT- 0.9% NaCl with 55 dextrose at 60 mls/hr. O2 at 2L/min via nasal specs at O2 97%. It has been reported that while she was given the sec ond dose of cefotaxime, she developed an anaphylaxis reaction and developed redness on her stomach. The purpose of this paper is to discuss about Fungal Pneumonia, which Jenny had been suffering from after she had relapsed from the cancer. It has been critically discussed about the pathophysiology of the adverse drug reactions that has developed due to the application of cefotaxime. The report had critically discussed the signs and the symptoms, the pharmacological management of the clinical condition. The report also focuses on the nursing management protocols that are need to be served for a proper care. Reviews from literatures, as supporting evidence in order to explain the required care, has also been provided. This report also throws light up-on the psychosocial issues that jenny had to deal with in this case and have also discussed about the possible remedies that can be provided. It has also been discussed about the role of the interprofessional collaborations that are to be adopted in such a critical situation. Discussion The following case study gives about idea about the fact that the girl was suffering from cancer and he underwent a treatment of long 18 months. Immunocompromised children suffering from cancer, have a constant risk of developing infections. The stage and the type of cancer, the type of the anticancer therapies and antibiotics used, integrity of the mucous membrane and the skin, the duration of the hospital stay, the patients vital status, nutritional status, all are responsible. Immuno compromised patients are susceptible to the risk of developing pulmonary infections, by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. Infectious complications like Pneumonia are a major obstacle in immunocompromised children. Pulmonary infections mainly occur due to the aspiration of the pathogens from the upper airways. Opportunistic fungi can colonize and can cause fungal pneumonia (Sahbudak Bal 2015). Fungi like Aspergillus and Cryptococcus are responsible for Pneumonia. In this report we have com e to know that Jenny had been given Cefotaxime to deal with the fungal Pneumonia. Cefotaxime is an antibiotic which is normally administered in case of bacterial infections. This drug belongs to the class of Cephalosporin antibiotics. In addition to the required effects, Cefotaxime also can impose serious side effects and therefore require immediate medical attention. Normally the adverse effects that are caused are abdominal cramps, chills, chest pain, hives, itching, rashes on the skin and many more. In this case we can see that jenny has developed red abdominal rashes which directly link to the evidences provided (Aouam etal. 2012). Not all the side effects of Cefotaxime are reported, but when it comes to an immunocompromised child of just 9 years. Pathophysiology There are certain medicines that can interact with Cefotaxime to generate adverse drug reactions. Especially when a patient is under the medications of cancer, Cycloporins may cross react with the drug to give rise to anaphylactic reactions. Each and every person reacts to medicines differently. A drug suitable for one person may not be suitable for the other person. A person may develop rashes, hives or develop more serious adverse reactions; on the other hand another person may not show any such hypersensitive reactions (Carspecken et al. 2013). The immune system of the body reacts to drugs in many ways. For instance, if a body is allergic to a particular medicine, then the body identifies that particular drug as an allergen or an antigen, as in case of Jenny. The immune system protects the body and fights against diseases and infections. During a hypersensitivity reaction the immune system reacts with the drugs, thinking it as a foreign invader. This immune response leads to inflammation causing rashes in Jenny, and since she is immunocompromised, the situations have turned more critical than it had been in any other patients (Carspecken et al.2013). Hypersensitivity reactions due to drugs are mediated mainly by the IgE antibodies or T cells. The reaction mechanism of IgE is well investigated, but the mechanisms of T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity are not well understood (Lieberman 2012). Recent studies have mentioned about 2 concepts: the hapten/prohapten concept and the concept of interactions of the antibiotics with immune receptors (Adam, Pichler and Yerly 2012). In allergic drug reactions, mediated by the T cells, the specificity of the T-cell receptor that has been stimulated by the antibiotic may be directed to a cross-reactive major histocompatibility complex-peptide compound. In the given case study it has been found that Jenny after getting a treatment of prolonged18 months, have been found to develop Pneumonia, and we can see that her condition is gradually deteriorating. This deterioration might have caused by the side effects shown by the antifungal drugs (Jesenak et al. 2014). Medications The selection of the type of therapy of these kinds of patients depends on the type of immune suppression in the patient and other factors such as the presence of the central venous lines. Antifungal therapies are there for the children with cancer (Skidmore-Roth 2013). In case of adverse drug reaction caused by the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, medicines like antihistamines and oral or intravenous corticosteroids or intramuscular or subcutaneous epinephrine can also be applied. To reduce the chance of fungal pneumonia, the following interventions can be taken up for Jenny, prophylactic antibiotic can be given, haematopoetic growth factors can also be given in a prophylactic strategy (Groll et al. 2014). There are several risks associated with giving prophylactic antibiotics, especially when it is just a child of 9 years. Furthermore, recent researches have found that prophylactic antibiotics given to the patients undergoing chemotherapy have helped to develop resistant organisms that can cause infection later on during the course of the treatment. Care should be taken while administrating the drugs as these can have adverse effects in the patients whose immunity is compromised as in case of this case study. The antifungal might cross react and give rise to allergic reactions. Infusion related reactions may occur like it may give rise to rash fever, chills (Smyth et al. 2012). Before administration of the antifungal the clinicians should monitor the blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, live function, serum electrolytes before the administration of the antivirals. It can be said that the pharmacist should be aware of the recommended doses for each patient, especially when it comes t o children. He should be well aware of the drug-drug interactions and the general side effects while prescribing these antifungal agents. Elements of care required From the given case study we have come to know that Jenny has been hospitalized for few days with fungal Pneumonia, after which she had been diagnosed with adverse drug reactions after which she had been discharged home with a palliative care team and home care support. Extra precaution should be taken as Jenny has also relapsed from cancer and, even a small hypersensitive reaction can be fatal for her. In case of respiratory distress, arising out of the adverse drug reactions, she can be given aggressive respiratory measures like administration of high concentration of oxygen, mechanical ventilation, endo-tracheal intubation (Laschinger and Smith 2013). Antihistamines and corticosteroids can be administered, keeping the health status of Jenny in mind. The palliative care team for Jenny should contain highly skilled multidisciplinary team of specialized doctors and nurses, which would focus on the holistic care of the patient with a progressive illness. The early integration of a pal liative care not only affects the physical domains of the illness but also caters to the patients psychological, spiritual, developmental wellness (Jacobsen and Wagner 2012). Nursing care plan Recognition of the early signs and the symptoms of acute hypersensitivity reactions. Administration of the Epinephrine by consulting with the specialist. Should avoid the triggering of allergen as much as possible. Looking after the vital signs of Jenny and would try specific allergen therapy to prevent the adverse reactions. Asses the rate and the depth of the respiration and the chest movements. Application of the intravenous body fluids as per the condition of the vital status of Jenny. Communication with the patients family regarding what measures should be taken in case of a future drug reaction, as the patient is immunocompromised. One should teach the patient to carry out the necessary exercises as deep breathing and exercises would bring about expansion in the chest. Frequent monitoring of the chest X-Ray, pulse oximetry readings, for detecting any improvement or deterioration. Would maintain proper nutritional charts, fluids containing electrolytes, beverages that are nutrition enriched. Interprofessional collaboration Interprofessional collaboration is the key to provide a proper healthcare to some clinical complications. Such collaborations improve the health outcome of the patients by reducing the effects of the adverse drug reactions, and lessen the rate of mortality and morbidity. It helps in the optimization of the medical dosage (Falk 2016; Reeves et al. 2013). Team work is always found to be suitable for better outcomes. The interprofessional collaboration that has been adopted in case of Jenny is as follows:- Role clarity Role clarity is required in order to attain a successful palliative team of medical experts. In case of Jenny, the palliative team should contain a medicine specialist, a pedriatric specialist, one oncologist (as she has just relapsed from cancer), a pulmonary specialist, a hematologist and a group of efficiently trained nurses. Each expert having specializations in their individual domains should try their best to manage the adverse reactions caused by the drug and should assure prevention of the recurrence of the adverse drug reactions (Russell 2013). Trust and cooperation Trust and cooperation between the members of a care team is important for successful treatments. Collaboration between the team members, Jenny and her family can bring about a positive outcome in the treatment and would promote fast recovery in Jenny (Falk 2016). Ability to overcome adverse conditions The team of medical experts should be prompt in dealing with the deteriorating conditions. In adverse times team collaboration becomes very necessary. Jenny is suffering from a very critical condition; therefore she needs a care that is exclusively patient centered and a lot of expertise. So, the team should be confident enough to manage the difficult situations. It is not always an easy task to get along well with the team members. An adverse situation cannot be overcome if there is no unity between the professionals. The professionals also should be able to communicate freely with Jennys family (Eijzenga et al. 2013). Collective leadership As we are talking about a palliative team, therefore we should focus on the collective care provided by a team. Collective leaderships reduce the pressure from an individual member in a team (Falk 2016; Laschinger and Smith 2013). Psychosocial issues Jenny is just a child of 9 years, and within this only she has become the victim of the curse called Cancer, therefore it is very natural that she should be suffering from some psychosocial issues. Normally children who suffer from cancer go through emotional turmoil. Therefore they demand special approaches to operationalize the issues that they face during that phase. These psychosocial effects may bring about depressions in the child, which may lead to her widrawal from the loved ones, which is again detrimental for her mental as well as her physical health (Bellizzi et al. 2012). Jenny has been detected with a deadly disease in such an early phase of her life, followed by another infection; she is encountered with traumatic thoughts, palpitations that lead to chronic psychosocial issues in her. Impact of the psychosocial issues Physical concern The principle concern focuses on the impact of the disease on the physical domain. ALL directly impairs the development of the child. Emotional distress and anxiety would leave no room for improvement in the patient (Eijzenga et al. 2013). Cognitive development ALL followed by the Pneumonia, which is again followed by an adverse drug reaction can have a devastating impact on the brain of a child of just 9 years. She had already suffered from the pain of the chemotherapies and radiations. The brief period of remission would have brought a new ray of hope within her, but the recurrence of the discomfort, pain would have shattered mentally. Impact on the loved ones Parents and the loved ones are the most affected and face severe challenges in coping up with the situations. Parents suffer from severe anxiety, trauma and it often becomes difficult for them to assess the situation and take proper action (Wiener et al. 2015). As we can see from the case study that jenny is suffering from post traumatic stress. A comprehensive assessment of the psychosocial issues is required to lessen the depression in the family as well as the child (Marcus 2012). Possible remedies to improve the quality of life In order to deal with the quality of life Jenny and her family needs to register under certain family programs. Programs like social platforms and camps where Jenny could mix with more children like her and get motivated. Play therapies can reduce the emotional turmoil taking place in Jenny, and overcome the impact of the infection (Jacobsen and Wagner 2012). Evidence based care for Jenny Assessment of the risk factors, physical examination and diagnostic evaluation are the ways by which nurses can identify the patients who are likely to become immunocompromised. Safety and care in pediatric patients are dynamic and complex. In some cases the health care professionals knowledge might not be enough, to ensure safe and proper therapeutic regimen to the patient. In such cases it is recommended to go through the case histories of the ADRs. It should be always kept in mind that poor monitoring is worst than poor prescribing. It is the duty of the nurses to monitor the ADRs and report them to the physicians while helping them (James 2013). In case of Jenny, a proper monitoring at the time of administration of the drug and preventive measures could have resisted this condition. Depending on the need the palliative care can be coordinated by a community nurse. Volunteers can provide practical and emotional support. One should have a regular appointment with the health profess ionals, so that they can monitor any progress or deterioration. Therefore it can be concluded that an immunocompromised patient like Jenny can easily fall prey to infections, and improper management of therapeutic can lead to severe drug reactions. These drug reactions can be prevented by applying evidence based practice, interprofessional collaborations among the healthcare professionals. The report also focuses on the fact that, since Jenny is suffering from several psychosocial issues; it is the duty of the caregivers and the family to provide her with a holistic approach of care and sufficient mental support References Aouam, K., Chaabane, A., Toumi, A., Fredj, N.B., Romdhane, F.B., Boughattas, N.A. and Chakroun, M., 2012. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) probably induced by cefotaxime: a report of two cases.Clinical medicine research,10(1), pp.32-35. Bellizzi, K.M., Smith, A., Schmidt, S., Keegan, T.H., Zebrack, B., Lynch, C.F., Deapen, D., Shnorhavorian, M., Tompkins, B.J. and Simon, M., 2012. Positive and negative psychosocial impact of being diagnosed with cancer as an adolescent or young adult.Cancer,118(20), pp.5155-5162. Carspecken, C.W., Sharek, P.J., Longhurst, C. and Pageler, N.M., 2013. A clinical case of electronic health record drug alert fatigue: consequences for patient outcome.Pediatrics,131(6), pp.e1970-e1973. Eijzenga, W., Aaronson, N.K., Hahn, D.E., Sidharta, G.N., van der Kolk, L.E., Velthuizen, M.E., Ausems, M.G. and Bleiker, E.M., 2014. Effect of routine assessment of specific psychosocial problems on personalized communication, counselors' awareness, and distress levels in cancer genetic counseling practice: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of Clinical Oncology,32(27), pp.2998-3004. Falk, A. L. (2016).Interprofessional Collaboration in Health Care. Linkping University Electronic Press. Groll, A.H., Castagnola, E., Cesaro, S., Dalle, J.H., Engelhard, D., Hope, W., Roilides, E., Styczynski, J., Warris, A. and Lehrnbecher, T., 2014. Fourth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-4): guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of invasive fungal diseases in paediatric patients with cancer or allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation.The Lancet Oncology,15(8), pp.e327-e340. Hunger, S.P. and Mullighan, C.G., 2015. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.New England Journal of Medicine,373(16), pp.1541-1552. Jacobsen, P. B., Wagner, L. I. (2012). A new quality standard: the integration of psychosocial care into routine cancer care.Journal of Clinical Oncology,30(11), 1154-1159. James, J.T., 2013. A new, evidence-based estimate of patient harms associated with hospital care.Journal of patient safety,9(3), pp.122-128. Jesenak, M., Banovcin, P., Jesenakova, B. and Babusikova, E., 2014. Pulmonary manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders in children.Frontiers in pediatrics,2. Laschinger, H. K., Smith, L. M. (2013). The influence of authentic leadership and empowerment on new-graduate nurses perceptions of interprofessional collaboration.Journal of Nursing Administration,43(1), 24-29. Marcum, Z.A., Amuan, M.E., Hanlon, J.T., Aspinall, S.L., Handler, S.M., Ruby, C.M. and Pugh, M.J.V., 2012. Prevalence of unplanned hospitalizations caused by adverse drug reactions in older veterans.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,60(1), pp.34-41. Marcus, J. (2012). Psychosocial issues in pediatric oncology.The Ochsner Journal,12(3), 211-215. Reeves, S., Perrier, L., Goldman, J., Freeth, D., Zwarenstein, M. (2013). Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (update).The Cochrane Library. Russell, P.S., 2013.Clinical approach to infection in the compromised host. Springer. Sahbudak Bal, Z., Yilmaz Karapinar, D., Karadas, N., Sen, S., Onder Sivis, Z., Akinci, A.B., Balkan, C., Kavakli, K., Vardar, F. and Aydinok, Y., 2015. Proven and probable invasive fungal infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from an university hospital, 20052013.Mycoses,58(4), pp.225-232. Sims, S., Hewitt, G. and Harris, R., 2015. Evidence of collaboration, pooling of resources, learning and role blurring in interprofessional healthcare teams: a realist synthesis.Journal of Interprofessional care,29(1), pp.20-25. Skidmore-Roth, L., 2013.Mosby's 2014 nursing drug reference. Elsevier Health Sciences. Smith, J.A. and Kauffman, C.A., 2012. Pulmonary fungal infections.Respirology,17(6), pp.913-926. Smyth, R.M.D., Gargon, E., Kirkham, J., Cresswell, L., Golder, S., Smyth, R. and Williamson, P., 2012. Adverse drug reactions in childrena systematic review.PloS one,7(3), p.e24061. Wiener, L., Kazak, A. E., Noll, R. B., Patenaude, A. F., Kupst, M. J. (2015). Standards for the psychosocial care of children with cancer and their families: an introduction to the special issue.Pediatric blood cancer,62(S5).

Importance Of CSR In Business Growth Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance Of CSR In Business Growth. Answer: Introduction: Unlike earlier times, the business organizations in todays world, contest in a highly competitive market. Consequently they should not merely be driven by the profit motive, and rather should consider the idea of conducting business in an ethical and responsible way. This is exactly the reason why most of the business organizations invest in Corporate Social Responsibility, and ensure that corporate self-regulation is being incorporated in its business model (Tai Chuang, 2014). An organization that not only tries to boost its sales growth, but also complies with the ethical standards of stakeholder integrity, employment standards and environment protection laws, definitely ensures longer sustainability in future. Discussion: CSR: Importance in Organizations: The importance of CSR in ensuring overall growth and sustainability of business organizations cannot be overstated. First of all, while there are multiple organizations providing similar products or services in a highly competitive market, consumers are often confused about which organization to choose. However, if an organization declares its active engagement in social welfare programs, or willingly agrees to invest a share of revenue earned through every product sold in any good cause, consumers will be more willing to buy the product from that company. Thus, it does help in boosting the sales and revenue earning capacity of a company. Further, In this connection, it may be interesting to note that research suggests that around 55% of consumers are willing to buy a product or avail a service from a company, that they consider to be socially and ethically responsible (Suliman et al., 2016). Next, the engagement in the CSR activities also helps in enhancing the word-of-mouth publici ty of an organization as well. When an organization invests in business to maximize the shared value creation for all its stakeholders, it certainly achieves a positive reputation amongst its immediate as well as potential consumers. This is the reason why 93% of the largest companies of the word annually publish a CSR report, offering a detailed overview of its engagement in various CSR initiatives. Again, it is needless to state that a companys involvement in CSR initiatives also helps in enhancing employee motivation, as they derive unparalleled pride in working for a company that is supporting the community. A recent research conducted by Aon Consulting claimed that 80% of the respondents stated that they would work for a company that is invests in CSR initiatives, while 44% claimed that they do not mind working with a less reputed company, if it is engaged in CSR activities (Pedersen, 2015). CSR as a Business Strategy: While CSR is getting incorporated in the business model of many companies, it is much more than a mere obligation to consider the interest of the stakeholders and the community, the business is conducted in. In todays world, the CSR has emerged to be a strategic approach adopted by companies to strengthen its competitive edge. It might be interesting to note how Coca Cola was once accused to be a corporate villain in India, for extracting enormous amount of groundwater from Kerala as well as for containing unacceptable amount of pesticides. While the sale of Coca Cola in India dropped by 30 to 40%, the companys reputation also got ruined (Karnani, 2014). In order to recover its reputation, the company adopted the CSR strategy whereby it heavily invested in charitable activities in India, including the alleviation of poverty and illiteracy amongst the backward and remote interiors of the nation. It has also introduced the mission of 2020 through which it aims to empower the women entr epreneurs of India among other initiatives (Parra et al., 2016). Examples of CSR Activities: There are various kinds of CSR activities that an organization engages in. Presently, the companies offer heavy donations to charity organizations, collaborate with not-for-profit business concerns for arranging campaign about important social causes such as poverty irradiation or importance of maintaining ecological balance. Cause-related marketing whereby the company donates a share of the amount earned by selling each product, is also a common CSR activity. Again, the CSR activities may not necessarily include philanthropic activities, but can also include strategies that help in enhancing health, safety and occupational well-being of the employees. Some real-life examples of CSR practices may include how Google employees managed to raise $2.6 million for the earthquake affected victims of the Sichuan Province, and how the company donated $1.02 million free advertising search for the well-being of the people (Kleine, 2014). Again, Autodesk Foundation encourages its employees to ap ply their skills and expertise through paid volunteer hours, whereby they invest sufficient time for important social causes including packing meals for the impoverished people, and arranging crisis-relief programs. Again, the second largest discount retailer of the US market, Target has managed to exceed its goal in reducing water use by 10 percent (Uhrich et al., 2014). Besides, the company has also expanded its irrigation technology to an additional 601 locations and is still attempting to add 75 % native and sustainable plantings in all of its new stores (Caplan et al., 2016). Conclusion: As evident from the above discussion, CSR is not just a practice that a company has to initiate in order to comply with the regulatory framework of a country, but rather it is a business imperative that cannot be avoided if an organization wishes to sustain in the given business scenario. First of all, the exploitation of resources for immediate profit will certainly threaten and impede future profitability of a company. Next, a company that is indifferent to the well-being of its stakeholders, will soon fail to survive amidst cut-throat competition, as it is the shared value creation that offers sustenance to a company. Recommendations: It is clearly evident that the implementation of CSR initiatives is a mandate in any organization. However, most importantly, it is recommended that the CSR agenda must be aligned to the business market and immediate business environment of a company. For example, an Australian company investing in the social welfare programs of Asia will barely make an impact. Next, a thorough research into the day-to-day issues of the society required acquaintance by the concerned authority. CSR policies may encounter employee resistance at the start, and it is recommended that themanagement authority explains the purpose, scope and benefits of CSR to its employees. Lastly, an investment in CSR initiative must go hand in hand with a sound marketing strategy. A companys effort to promote well-being should not go unheard, and it must essentially be accompanied by strong promotional efforts on social media sites as well as company websites in the form of shared pictures, live videos and most important ly a published CSR report. References: Caplan, D., Dutta, S. K., Lawson, R. A. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Across the Value Chain.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(4), 57-66. Karnani, A. (2014). Corporate social responsibility does not avert the tragedy of the commons. Case study: Coca-Cola India.Economics,Management and Financial Markets,9(3), 11. Kleine, D. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and development.The Companion to Development Studies,7(1), 195. Parra, C. M., Tremblay, M. C., Castellanos, A. (2016, September). Prominent voices and prevalent discourses: A corporate social responsibility application. InDigital InformationManagement (ICDIM), 2016 Eleventh International Conference on(pp. 74-78). IEEE. Pedersen, E. R. G. (Ed.). (2015).Corporate social responsibility. Sage. Suliman, A. M., Al-Khatib, H. T., Thomas, S. E. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility.Corporate Social Performance: Reflecting on the Past and Investing in the Future, 15. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117. Uhrich, S., Koenigstorfer, J., Groeppel-Klein, A. (2014). Leveraging sponsorship with corporate social responsibility.Journal of Business Research,67(9), 2023-2029.